Trends in type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality in Scotland between 2004 and 2013

No abstract available

Subspace-Based Suppression of Cortical Stimulation Artifacts.

Bi-directional brain-computer interfaces for the restoration of movement and sensation must simultaneously record neural signals and deliver cortical stimulation. This poses a challenge since stimulation artifacts can be orders of magnitude stronger than neural signals. In this article, we propose a novel subspace-based method for the removal of cortical electrical stimulation artifacts. We demonstrate the practical application of our approach on experimentally recorded electroencephalogram data, where artifacts were suppressed by as much as $30-40\mathrm {d}\mathrm {B}$. Our method is computationally simple, yet it achieves superior results to the state-of-the art methods

Brain-computer interface driven functional electrical stimulation system for overground walking in spinal cord injury participant

The current treatment for ambulation after spinal cord injury (SCI) is to substitute the lost behavior with a wheelchair; however, this can result in many co-morbidities. Thus, novel solutions for the restoration of walking, such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices, have been sought. This study reports on the first electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI-FES system for overground walking, and its performance assessment in an individual with paraplegia due to SCI. The results revealed that the participant was able to purposefully operate the system continuously in real time. If tested in a larger population of SCI individuals, this system may pave the way for the restoration of overground walking after SCI

Brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation for lower-limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.

Despite the prevalence of stroke-induced gait impairment due to foot drop, current rehabilitative practices to improve gait function are limited, and orthoses can be uncomfortable and do not provide long-lasting benefits. Therefore, novel modalities that may facilitate lasting neurological and functional improvements, such as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), have been explored. In this article, we assess the feasibility of BCI-controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a novel physiotherapy for post-stroke foot drop. Three chronic stroke survivors with foot drop received three, 1-hour sessions of therapy during 1 week. All subjects were able to purposefully operate the BCI-FES system in real time. Furthermore, the salient electroencephalographic (EEG) features used for classification by the data-driven methodology were determined to be physiologically relevant. Over the course of this short therapy, the subjects' dorsiflexion active range of motion (AROM) improved by 3°, 4°, and 8°, respectively. These results indicate that chronic stroke survivors can operate the BCI-FES system, and that BCI-FES intervention may promote functional improvements